Glossary of robotics
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Robotics is the
branch of technology that deals with the design, construction,
operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots.[1] Robotics is related to the sciences of electronics, engineering, mechanics, and software.[2]
A U.S. Marine Corps technician prepares to deploy a device
that will detonate a buried improvised
explosive device near Camp Fallujah, Iraq
Contents :
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A
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B
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C
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D
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E
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F
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G
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H
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I
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J
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K
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L
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M
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N
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O
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P
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Q
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R
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S
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T
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U
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V
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W
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X
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Y
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Z
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See also
A[edit]
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Actuator, a motor that
translates control signals into mechanical movement. The control signals are
usually electrical but may, more rarely, be pneumatic or hydraulic. The power
supply may likewise be any of these. It is common for electrical control to be
used to modulate a high-power pneumatic or hydraulic motor.[3][4]
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Aerobot a robot capable of independent flight
on other planets.
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Arduino The current platform of choice for
small-scale robotic experimentation and physical computing.
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Artificial
intelligence is the
intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create
it.
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Aura (satellite) a robotic spacecraft launched by NASA in 2004 which collects atmospheric
data from Earth.[3]
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Automaton, an early
self-operating robot, performing exactly the same actions, over and over.
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Autonomous vehicle a vehicle equipped with an autopilot
system, which is capable of driving from one point to another without input from
a human operator.
B[edit]
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Biomimetic. See
Bionics.
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Bionics: also known as
biomimetics, biognosis, biomimicry, or bionical creativity engineering is the
application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and
design of engineering systems and modern technology.
C[edit]
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CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided
manufacturing). These systems and their data may be integrated into
robotic operations.
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Čapek, Karel, Czech author
who coined the term 'robot' in his 1921 play, Rossum's Universal Robots.
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Chandra X-ray
Observatory a robotic
spacecraft launched by NASA in 1999 to collect astronomical data.[3]
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Cloud robotics,
robots empowered with more capacity and intelligence from cloud.
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Combat, robot, a
hobby or sport event where two or more robots fight in an arena to disable each
other. This has developed from a hobby in the 1990s to several TV series worldwide.
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Cruise missile a robot-controlled guided missile that
carries an explosive payload.
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Cyborg also known as a cybernetic organism, a
being with both biological and artificial (e.g. electronic, mechanical or
robotic) parts.
D[edit]
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Degrees of
freedom - the extent
to which a robot can move itself; expressed in terms of Cartesian coordinates (x, y, and z) and angular movements (yaw, pitch,
and roll).[3]
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Delta robot - a tripod linkage, used to construct
fast-acting manipulators with a wide range of movement.
E[edit]
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Emergent behaviour,
a complicated resultant behaviour that emerges from the repeated operation of
simple underlying behaviours.
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Envelope (Space), Maximum The volume of space
encompassing the maximum designed movements of all robot parts including the
end-effector, workpiece, and attachments.[4]
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Explosive ordnance disposal robot A mobile robot designed to assess
whether an object contains explosives; some carry detonators that can be
deposited at the object and activated after the robot withdraws.[3]
F[edit]
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FIRST. or For Inspiration and Recognition of
Science and Technology, is an organization founded by inventor Dean Kamen in
1989 in order to develop ways to inspire students in engineering and technology
fields.
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Forward chaining a process in which events or received
data are considered by an entity to intelligently adapt its behavior.[3]
G[edit]
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Gynoid A humanoid robot designed to look like
a human female.
H[edit]
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Haptic tactile feedback technology using the
operator's sense of touch. Also sometimes applied to robot manipulators with
their own touch sensitivity.
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Hexapod (platform) A movable platform using
six linear actuators. Often used in flight simulators and fairground rides, they also have applications
as a robotic manipulator.
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Hexapod (walker) A six-legged walking robot,
using a simple insect-like locomotion.
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Humanoid A robotic entity designed to resemble
a human being in form, function, or both.
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Hydraulics, the control
of mechanical force and movement, generated by the application of liquid under
pressure. c.f. pneumatics.
I[edit]
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Industrial robot A reprogrammable, multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices
through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.[4]
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Insect
robot A small robot
designed to imitate insect behaviors rather than complex human behaviors.[3]
K[edit]
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Kalman filter, a
mathematical technique to estimate the value of a sensor measurement, from a
series of intermittent and noisy values.
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Kinematics, the
study of motion, as applied to robots. This includes
both the design of linkages to perform motion, their power, control and
stability; also their planning, such as choosing a sequence of movements to
achieve a broader task.
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Klann linkage, a
simple linkage for walking robots.
L[edit]
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Linear actuator A form of motor that
generates a linear movement
directly.
M[edit]
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Manipulator or gripper.
A robotic 'hand'.
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Mobile robot A self-propelled and self-contained
robot that is capable of moving over a mechanically unconstrained course.[4]
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Muting The deactivation of a presence-sensing
safeguarding device during a portion of the robot cycle.[4]
P[edit]
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Parallel manipulator an articulated robot or manipulator
based on a number of kinematic chains, actuators and joints, in parallel. c.f. serial manipulator.
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Pendant Any portable control device that permits an
operator to control the robot from within the restricted envelope (space) of
the robot.[4]
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Pneumatics, the control
of mechanical force and movement, generated by the application of compressed
gas. c.f. hydraulics.
R[edit]
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Remote manipulator A manipulator under
direct human control, often used for work with hazardous materials.
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Robonaut a development project conducted by
NASA to create humanoid robots capable of using space tools and working in
similar environments to suited astronauts.
S[edit]
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Serial manipulator an articulated robot or manipulator
with a single series kinematic chain of actuators. c.f. parallel manipulator.
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Servo, a motor that
moves to and maintains a set position under command, rather than continuously
moving.
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Servomechanism An automatic device that uses
error-sensing negative feedback to correct the performance of a mechanism.
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Single Point of Control The ability to operate the robot
such that initiation or robot motion from one source of control is possible
only from that source and cannot be overridden from another source.[4]
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Slow Speed Control A mode of robot motion control where the
velocity of the robot is limited to allow persons sufficient time either to
withdraw the hazardous motion or stop the robot.[4]
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Snake robot A robot component resembling a tentacle or elephant's trunk, where many small actuators are
used to allow continuous curved motion of a robot component, with many degrees
of freedom. This is usually applied to snake-arm robots, which use this as a flexible
manipulator. A rarer application is the snakebot, where the entire robot is mobile and
snake-like, so as to gain access through narrow spaces.
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Stewart platform A movable platform using six linear actuators, hence also known as a Hexapod.
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Subsumption
architecture A robot
architecture that uses a modular, bottom-up design beginning with the least complex
behavioral tasks.
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Surgical robot,
a remote manipulator used for keyhole surgery
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Swarm robotics involve large numbers of mostly simple
physical robots. Their actions may seek to incorporate emergent behavior observed in social insects (swarm intelligence).
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Synchro
T[edit]
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Teach Mode The control state that allows the generation
and storage of positional data points effected by moving the robot arm through
a path of intended motions.[4]
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Three Laws of
Robotics, coined by the science fiction author Isaac Asimov, one of the first serious
considerations of the ethics and robopsychological aspects of robotics.
U[edit]
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Uncanny valley A hypothesized zone in which humanoid
robot behavior and appearance begin to approach that of actual humans, but are
still missing vital elements, to the point that these mimicked actions or
images cause revulsion.
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Unimate, the first
off-the-shelf industrial robot, of 1961.
W[edit]
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Waldo, a
short story by Robert Heinlein, that gave its name to a
popular nickname for remote manipulators.
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Walking robot, a
robot capable of locomotion by walking. Owing to the difficulties of balance, two-legged
walking robots have so
far been rare and most walking robots have used insect-like multilegged walking
gaits.
Z[edit]
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Zero Moment Point.
Zero Moment Point is a concept related with dynamics and control of legged
locomotion, e.g., for humanoid robots. It specifies the point with respect to
which dynamic reaction force at the contact of the foot with the ground does
not produce any moment, i.e. the point where total inertia force equals 0
(zero).
·
ZMP. See Zero Moment Point.
See also[edit]
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References[edit]
3.
^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Joseph A.
Angelo (2007). Robotics: a reference guide to the new technology.
Libraries Unlimited. pp. 258–327. ISBN 978-1-57356-337-6. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
4.
^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m "OSHA Technical Manual - SECTION IV: CHAPTER 4 -
INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS AND ROBOT SYSTEM SAFETY". Occupational Safety
and Health Administration.
Retrieved 2011-01-28.
External
links[edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robotics.
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This article incorporates public
domain material from the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration document "OSHA Technical Manual - SECTION IV: CHAPTER 4 - INDUSTRIAL
ROBOTS AND ROBOT SYSTEM SAFETY" (retrieved on 2011-01-28).
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